[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.The UNIAtelegram stated: We believe Ireland should be free even asAfrica shall be free for the Negroes of the world.Keep up thefight for a free Ireland. (For additional information this Irishleader, enter Eamon De Valera into any search engine andbrowse the sites listed.)The telegram highlighted one of the main thrusts of Garvey sprogram: the need for an independent black-ruled nation inAfrica.He had long sympathized with the Irish cause, and bycomparing that struggle to the black desire for self-rule inAfrica, he drew international attention to his own campaign.All oppressed people were tied together, he said. We are thedescendants of a suffering people, we are the descendants of apeople determined to suffer no longer. IN HIS OWN WORDS&Marcus Garvey believed Africa was the only place where black people couldtruly have freedom and equality with other races.In Africa, the black manwas in the majority, and by becoming powerful there he could gain poweraround the world.Garvey discusses this opinion in a 1929 article from hisJamaican newspapers The Blackman:We are determined to solve our own problem by redeeming our MotherlandAfrica from the hands of alien exploiters and found there a Government, anation of our own, strong enough to lend protection to the members of ourrace scattered all over the world, and to compel the respect of the nationsand races of the earth. 47Star of DestinyIn his speeches at the convention, Garvey stressed that Africabelonged to the black peoples of the world.He warned theEuropean colonial powers that blacks were coming 400 millionstrong, and we mean to retake every square inch of the12 million square miles of African territory belonging to usby right Divine. The statement was backed by Garvey s slogan Let Africa be our guiding star Our Star of Destiny. Garvey was just beginning to form his ambitious plans for ablack homeland.Eventually, he believed, Africa would becomea magnet for all blacks in search of a nation that would allowthem full rights as citizens.The convention raised hopes thatthis vision could become a reality.For four weeks the speeches and meetings continued.Inthe midst of all this commotion, the UNIA was raising lots ofmoney for its various operations.Stock in the Black Star Lineand the Negro Factories Corporation was purchased in massivequantities.People who contributed sums of $50 or more to theUNIA were given special bronze, silver, or gold crosses knownas African Redemption medals.Acting as representatives of the worldwide black community,the delegates set up a model government for a future blacknation.They elected Garvey provisional president of Africa,the head of a government in exile.Leading UNIA officialsreceived titles such as knight of the Nile. The delegates chosea flag of red, black, and green to represent the new UNIA-sponsored nation: red for the blood shed by blacks to makethemselves free, black for their skin color, and green for thelush African forests.All of this was done to demonstrate toblacks that they were capable of creating institutions thatequaled those of whites.The convention s most important task was the compositionof the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World.In order to prepare a document that would truly representblacks throughout the world, the writers of the declarationlistened to delegates report on the conditions in their countries. 48MARCUS GARVEYThe Black Cross Nurses, who symbolized the UNIA s commitment to sickand poor black community members, were one of many groups to marchin Garvey s 1920 convention.The convention instilled feelings of prideand unity in the black people who attended it, and Garvey hoped it wouldlead to important changes in the position of the black race in the world.The first section of the declaration protested that blacks were denied the common rights due to human beings for no otherreason than their race and color. The document condemnedall forms of discrimination, lynching, unequal school systemsfor blacks, and the denial of equal pay for equal work.Following the declaration s section on black grievances camea list of 54 rights that all countries should give to their Negrocitizens.The convention stated that blacks should be accordedthe right to participate in politics and should receive the samelegal rights as other citizens. Negro should be written witha capital N, the declaration pointed out.Africans should be 49Star of Destinygiven their freedom.Lastly, the declaration proclaimed thatAugust 31, the final day of the convention, was to be an annualinternational holiday for blacks.This was a declaration to make blacks proud, and it madeeveryone take notice of the great movement that was stirringwithin the Negro race. The nations of the world are awarethat the Negro of yesterday has disappeared from the sceneof human activities, Garvey declared after the convention. His place has been taken by a new Negro who stands erect,conscious of his manhood rights and fully determined topreserve them at all costs [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.The UNIAtelegram stated: We believe Ireland should be free even asAfrica shall be free for the Negroes of the world.Keep up thefight for a free Ireland. (For additional information this Irishleader, enter Eamon De Valera into any search engine andbrowse the sites listed.)The telegram highlighted one of the main thrusts of Garvey sprogram: the need for an independent black-ruled nation inAfrica.He had long sympathized with the Irish cause, and bycomparing that struggle to the black desire for self-rule inAfrica, he drew international attention to his own campaign.All oppressed people were tied together, he said. We are thedescendants of a suffering people, we are the descendants of apeople determined to suffer no longer. IN HIS OWN WORDS&Marcus Garvey believed Africa was the only place where black people couldtruly have freedom and equality with other races.In Africa, the black manwas in the majority, and by becoming powerful there he could gain poweraround the world.Garvey discusses this opinion in a 1929 article from hisJamaican newspapers The Blackman:We are determined to solve our own problem by redeeming our MotherlandAfrica from the hands of alien exploiters and found there a Government, anation of our own, strong enough to lend protection to the members of ourrace scattered all over the world, and to compel the respect of the nationsand races of the earth. 47Star of DestinyIn his speeches at the convention, Garvey stressed that Africabelonged to the black peoples of the world.He warned theEuropean colonial powers that blacks were coming 400 millionstrong, and we mean to retake every square inch of the12 million square miles of African territory belonging to usby right Divine. The statement was backed by Garvey s slogan Let Africa be our guiding star Our Star of Destiny. Garvey was just beginning to form his ambitious plans for ablack homeland.Eventually, he believed, Africa would becomea magnet for all blacks in search of a nation that would allowthem full rights as citizens.The convention raised hopes thatthis vision could become a reality.For four weeks the speeches and meetings continued.Inthe midst of all this commotion, the UNIA was raising lots ofmoney for its various operations.Stock in the Black Star Lineand the Negro Factories Corporation was purchased in massivequantities.People who contributed sums of $50 or more to theUNIA were given special bronze, silver, or gold crosses knownas African Redemption medals.Acting as representatives of the worldwide black community,the delegates set up a model government for a future blacknation.They elected Garvey provisional president of Africa,the head of a government in exile.Leading UNIA officialsreceived titles such as knight of the Nile. The delegates chosea flag of red, black, and green to represent the new UNIA-sponsored nation: red for the blood shed by blacks to makethemselves free, black for their skin color, and green for thelush African forests.All of this was done to demonstrate toblacks that they were capable of creating institutions thatequaled those of whites.The convention s most important task was the compositionof the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World.In order to prepare a document that would truly representblacks throughout the world, the writers of the declarationlistened to delegates report on the conditions in their countries. 48MARCUS GARVEYThe Black Cross Nurses, who symbolized the UNIA s commitment to sickand poor black community members, were one of many groups to marchin Garvey s 1920 convention.The convention instilled feelings of prideand unity in the black people who attended it, and Garvey hoped it wouldlead to important changes in the position of the black race in the world.The first section of the declaration protested that blacks were denied the common rights due to human beings for no otherreason than their race and color. The document condemnedall forms of discrimination, lynching, unequal school systemsfor blacks, and the denial of equal pay for equal work.Following the declaration s section on black grievances camea list of 54 rights that all countries should give to their Negrocitizens.The convention stated that blacks should be accordedthe right to participate in politics and should receive the samelegal rights as other citizens. Negro should be written witha capital N, the declaration pointed out.Africans should be 49Star of Destinygiven their freedom.Lastly, the declaration proclaimed thatAugust 31, the final day of the convention, was to be an annualinternational holiday for blacks.This was a declaration to make blacks proud, and it madeeveryone take notice of the great movement that was stirringwithin the Negro race. The nations of the world are awarethat the Negro of yesterday has disappeared from the sceneof human activities, Garvey declared after the convention. His place has been taken by a new Negro who stands erect,conscious of his manhood rights and fully determined topreserve them at all costs [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]