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. Let mepresent this decoration to Mr.Philby. He pinned the medal on Philby s chest, shook his hand, and an-nounced, Now let s drink to this festive occasion! Andropov almost never touched alcohol because of a kidney ail-ment, but he accepted a ryumochka (shot glass) of vodka and drankan ounce or so in Philby s honor.The chairman stayed for anotherhour, chatting amiably with us about England, the intelligence busi-ness, and other things, all the while displaying a warmth that was lit-tle in evidence when carrying out his official duties.On another occasion, I went to his office to report on some matter.After we finished talking, Andropov turned to me and one of hisdeputies and said, Listen, friends, I have a gift from Kirghizia, a drinkyou ve never tasted. 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 294294 SPYMASTERHe walked into his back room and emerged with a bottle of opaqueliquid. I know you ve drunk everything, but this you ve never had, I msure, Andropov said, smiling. Try some. He poured out two drinks, then sat back and watched our re-sponse.After sipping the bitter drink, I responded, I know what it is.This is limonik. How in the world did you know? asked Andropov. Well, I ve had it before, I said. And here I thought I would surprise you, retorted Andropov.Limonik is also found in southern Russia; it is made from berriesand is rich in vitamins as well as reputedly having the qualities of anaphrodisiac. Okay, said Andropov. You know what it is, but I can still serveyou something you ve never tasted. He poured some cognac into the limonik and I tried it. You re right, I said. I ve never drunk it like this, and it s excellent. Standing there coatless, in suspenders, Andropov gave me a fa-therly look.We chatted amiably for a few more minutes until he wassummoned by his secretary.At heart Andropov was a tough old Bolshevik who had survived theStalin years and fought his way to the pinnacle of Soviet power.BeforeWorld War II, known in our country at the Great Patriotic War, An-dropov had been a leader of the Komsomol in the Karelian region ofRussia along the Finnish border.During the war, Andropov made aname leading the partisan resistance to the Nazis on the Finnish front.When the war ended, Andropov rose through the ranks of the Com-munist Party organization in Karelia, then came to Moscow and joinedthe Central Committee.In one of Khrushchev s periodic shake-ups ofthe Communist Party apparatus, Andropov was transferred from theCentral Committee to the Foreign Ministry.Then, at age forty, the ar-dent Communist was named Soviet ambassador to Hungary.It was there, two years later, that Andropov was to make his nameby playing a pivotal role in suppressing the Hungarian uprising.Dur- 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 295COLLI SI ON 295ing the 1956 revolution, Andropov earned a reputation as a coolleader in a crisis.He made himself valuable to the Kremlin by repeat-edly asserting to the Hungarian leader Imre Nagy that Soviet troopswere not pouring into the country but were being withdrawn.It wasa total lie, but Andropov was so convincing that even as Soviet troopswere launching a final offensive to crush the rebellion, the Soviet am-bassador convinced Nagy that the Red Army was on its way home.Andropov returned to Moscow in 1957 and went to work for theCentral Committee department overseeing relations with other Com-munist countries.He gradually came to know Leonid Brezhnev andother Politburo members, and shared with them a growing concernabout Nikita Khrushchev s erratic leadership.In 1964, during thepalace coup that overthrew Khrushchev, Andropov supported theBrezhnev faction and helped dig up compromising material onKhrushchev s involvement in the Stalinist purges, information thatwould have been used had the Soviet leader resisted his ouster.In 1967, Brezhnev appointed Andropov chairman of the KGB.Though not a professional KGB man, Andropov quickly earned therespect of rank-and-file intelligence officers such as myself.Heseemed to us a decisive, bright, and supportive leader who was wellversed in world affairs and gave his underlings plenty of latitude to dothe job.Only later, as I became increasingly cynical about theprospects for reforming our system, did I come to view Andropovmore critically and realize that his orthodox Communist views oftenblinded him to a steadily changing reality.As I started working closely with Andropov in the mid-1970s, Isoon learned he was sharply distrustful of the outside world and sawCIA plots and imperialist intrigues around every corner.When nu-merous Western European Communist parties began to seek greaterindependence from the Soviet Communist Party, Andropov viewedthe trend as the dastardly work of Western intelligence services.As aformer senior Party official who for years was involved in the prob-lems of the world Communist movement, Andropov would nevermiss a chance to ask KGB chiefs stationed abroad about the activities 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 296296 SPYMASTERof local Communists.In the late 1970s the so-called Eurocommu-nism, a dissident view of some European Communist Party leaderson the Soviet model of socialism, threatened to split the Moscow-dominated movement.This problem was on Andropov s mind whenhe received in his office Kislyak, KGB resident in France. What s going on in your country? demanded Andropov. Whydoes Georges Marchais (leader of the French Communist Party) be-have like a prostitute? We have been supporting and financing themfor decades and now they are joining the chorus of our critics. Kislyak s explanation was painfully long, and not to the point.Hesaw the roots of the problem in the nature of social democratic tradi-tions in France, French mentality, and so on.Sitting across from Andropov s desk, I watched his silent reactionto the resident s narrative.The chairman was losing interest.His eyes,inquisitive in the beginning, were turning blank, his face growingbored and tired.He looked more and more annoyed.At that momentI decided to come to Kislyak s rescue and interrupted him: CIA Di-rector Colby said recently that the U.S.should take advantage of thegrowing division inside the Communist movement and facilitate itseventual demise. At this point Andropov s countenance changed dramatically.Hiseyes sparkled again and he seemed to awaken from a doze. That s right! he exclaimed. That s what has been missing in yourreport, Comrade Resident.What s Marchais s background? Did he notspend some time in German concentration camps? He may have sur-vived only because he collaborated with the Gestapo.The Americanscaptured some of the German archives and found out everythingabout Marchais, blackmailed him, and turned him into their agent.That s how things happened and you talk about French traditions andthe like.You have to be a realist, Comrade Resident! Andropov s obsession with conspiracy theories apparently re-flected his mind-set, shaped by his involvement in endless inter-party intrigues from the early years of his career as a Party boss inKarelia. 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 297COLLI SI ON 297It also found vivid expression in his ardent support for so-calledactive measures, disinformation practices and special operationsacross the world [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl centka.pev.pl
. Let mepresent this decoration to Mr.Philby. He pinned the medal on Philby s chest, shook his hand, and an-nounced, Now let s drink to this festive occasion! Andropov almost never touched alcohol because of a kidney ail-ment, but he accepted a ryumochka (shot glass) of vodka and drankan ounce or so in Philby s honor.The chairman stayed for anotherhour, chatting amiably with us about England, the intelligence busi-ness, and other things, all the while displaying a warmth that was lit-tle in evidence when carrying out his official duties.On another occasion, I went to his office to report on some matter.After we finished talking, Andropov turned to me and one of hisdeputies and said, Listen, friends, I have a gift from Kirghizia, a drinkyou ve never tasted. 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 294294 SPYMASTERHe walked into his back room and emerged with a bottle of opaqueliquid. I know you ve drunk everything, but this you ve never had, I msure, Andropov said, smiling. Try some. He poured out two drinks, then sat back and watched our re-sponse.After sipping the bitter drink, I responded, I know what it is.This is limonik. How in the world did you know? asked Andropov. Well, I ve had it before, I said. And here I thought I would surprise you, retorted Andropov.Limonik is also found in southern Russia; it is made from berriesand is rich in vitamins as well as reputedly having the qualities of anaphrodisiac. Okay, said Andropov. You know what it is, but I can still serveyou something you ve never tasted. He poured some cognac into the limonik and I tried it. You re right, I said. I ve never drunk it like this, and it s excellent. Standing there coatless, in suspenders, Andropov gave me a fa-therly look.We chatted amiably for a few more minutes until he wassummoned by his secretary.At heart Andropov was a tough old Bolshevik who had survived theStalin years and fought his way to the pinnacle of Soviet power.BeforeWorld War II, known in our country at the Great Patriotic War, An-dropov had been a leader of the Komsomol in the Karelian region ofRussia along the Finnish border.During the war, Andropov made aname leading the partisan resistance to the Nazis on the Finnish front.When the war ended, Andropov rose through the ranks of the Com-munist Party organization in Karelia, then came to Moscow and joinedthe Central Committee.In one of Khrushchev s periodic shake-ups ofthe Communist Party apparatus, Andropov was transferred from theCentral Committee to the Foreign Ministry.Then, at age forty, the ar-dent Communist was named Soviet ambassador to Hungary.It was there, two years later, that Andropov was to make his nameby playing a pivotal role in suppressing the Hungarian uprising.Dur- 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 295COLLI SI ON 295ing the 1956 revolution, Andropov earned a reputation as a coolleader in a crisis.He made himself valuable to the Kremlin by repeat-edly asserting to the Hungarian leader Imre Nagy that Soviet troopswere not pouring into the country but were being withdrawn.It wasa total lie, but Andropov was so convincing that even as Soviet troopswere launching a final offensive to crush the rebellion, the Soviet am-bassador convinced Nagy that the Red Army was on its way home.Andropov returned to Moscow in 1957 and went to work for theCentral Committee department overseeing relations with other Com-munist countries.He gradually came to know Leonid Brezhnev andother Politburo members, and shared with them a growing concernabout Nikita Khrushchev s erratic leadership.In 1964, during thepalace coup that overthrew Khrushchev, Andropov supported theBrezhnev faction and helped dig up compromising material onKhrushchev s involvement in the Stalinist purges, information thatwould have been used had the Soviet leader resisted his ouster.In 1967, Brezhnev appointed Andropov chairman of the KGB.Though not a professional KGB man, Andropov quickly earned therespect of rank-and-file intelligence officers such as myself.Heseemed to us a decisive, bright, and supportive leader who was wellversed in world affairs and gave his underlings plenty of latitude to dothe job.Only later, as I became increasingly cynical about theprospects for reforming our system, did I come to view Andropovmore critically and realize that his orthodox Communist views oftenblinded him to a steadily changing reality.As I started working closely with Andropov in the mid-1970s, Isoon learned he was sharply distrustful of the outside world and sawCIA plots and imperialist intrigues around every corner.When nu-merous Western European Communist parties began to seek greaterindependence from the Soviet Communist Party, Andropov viewedthe trend as the dastardly work of Western intelligence services.As aformer senior Party official who for years was involved in the prob-lems of the world Communist movement, Andropov would nevermiss a chance to ask KGB chiefs stationed abroad about the activities 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 296296 SPYMASTERof local Communists.In the late 1970s the so-called Eurocommu-nism, a dissident view of some European Communist Party leaderson the Soviet model of socialism, threatened to split the Moscow-dominated movement.This problem was on Andropov s mind whenhe received in his office Kislyak, KGB resident in France. What s going on in your country? demanded Andropov. Whydoes Georges Marchais (leader of the French Communist Party) be-have like a prostitute? We have been supporting and financing themfor decades and now they are joining the chorus of our critics. Kislyak s explanation was painfully long, and not to the point.Hesaw the roots of the problem in the nature of social democratic tradi-tions in France, French mentality, and so on.Sitting across from Andropov s desk, I watched his silent reactionto the resident s narrative.The chairman was losing interest.His eyes,inquisitive in the beginning, were turning blank, his face growingbored and tired.He looked more and more annoyed.At that momentI decided to come to Kislyak s rescue and interrupted him: CIA Di-rector Colby said recently that the U.S.should take advantage of thegrowing division inside the Communist movement and facilitate itseventual demise. At this point Andropov s countenance changed dramatically.Hiseyes sparkled again and he seemed to awaken from a doze. That s right! he exclaimed. That s what has been missing in yourreport, Comrade Resident.What s Marchais s background? Did he notspend some time in German concentration camps? He may have sur-vived only because he collaborated with the Gestapo.The Americanscaptured some of the German archives and found out everythingabout Marchais, blackmailed him, and turned him into their agent.That s how things happened and you talk about French traditions andthe like.You have to be a realist, Comrade Resident! Andropov s obsession with conspiracy theories apparently re-flected his mind-set, shaped by his involvement in endless inter-party intrigues from the early years of his career as a Party boss inKarelia. 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 297COLLI SI ON 297It also found vivid expression in his ardent support for so-calledactive measures, disinformation practices and special operationsacross the world [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]