[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.730Kou Zongshi, Wang Haogu, and their contemporaries of the Song-Jin-Yuan era did not have to start from zero, however.In the so-called seven com-prehensive discourses of Su wen 66 through 74, which Wang Bing added tothe main text in the eighth century, no individual substances are named.Nevertheless, here is where we find much of the theoretical basis for in-cluding the application of pharmacotherapy in the doctrines of systematiccorrespondence.Because of their contents and their rhyme structures, Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 288288 survey of the contents of the su wenTessenow assumes that the seven comprehensive discourses were writtenduring the Han dynasty.However, we do not know who composed those sec-tions of Su wen 70, Su wen 71, and in particular Su wen 74 that introducedwhat could be called a general pharmacology of systematic correspondenceor what role these thoughts may have played in actual health care before theSong dynasty.All we can say is that they failed to influence any text of thereceived literature before the twelfth century, when, obviously for the firsttime, a pharmacology of systematic correspondence of individual substanceswas conceptualized.Why did it take so long to complete a task that should have been under-taken if not finished the very moment when the doctrines of systematic cor-respondence and vessel theory came to preoccupy many intellectuals andnaturalists during the second and first centuries b.c.? The conceptual stagewas set in some of the seven comprehensive discourses and to a much lesserextent in the main text of the Su wen.The developments in the twelfththrough fifteenth centuries demonstrate that it was not too difficult to in-terpret the effects of the drugs in the organism on the basis of vessel theoryand the doctrines of systematic correspondence.And yet it was only duringthe era of the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties that the two traditions came to-gether, rather than in the early years of the Han dynasty when the introduc-tion of natural laws to explain natural and social processes must have beenreceived with extraordinary enthusiasm and political backing.There are good arguments to explain the generation of a pharmacol-ogy of systematic correspondence beginning with the twelfth century as aplausible corollary of the elaboration of what is generally called Song Neo-Confucianism.731 Similarly, it is not too far-fetched to demonstrate that fromthe Han era to the Song-Jin-Yuan period, the pharmaceutical tradition ex-hibited conceptual links to Daoist thought while the Su wen tradition, notentirely free of Daoist inclinations itself, better fitted into a framework ofLegalist-Confucian interests.For example, both the Su wen and the Shen nong ben cao jing distinguishamong different ranks of drugs in a prescription, and it may not be coin-cidental that the term for the ranks of drugs, pin~, is identical to the termfor the ranks of officials in the bureaucracy.Both the Su wen and the Shennong ben cao jing name these ranks rulers (jung), ministers (chenD ), assistants (zuo1), and aides (shiS).However, the functions assigned tothese ranks are diametrically opposed in the two works.The Shen nong bencao jing divided all drugs into three ranks.The rulers constituted the upperrank, the assistants and aides constituted the lower rank, and the ministerswere given a status in between.The task of the upper rank, that is, the ruler,is defined as generating conditions supportive of longevity.In contrast, thetask of the lower rank, that is, the assistants and aides, is defined as combatingactual disease.Hence only the lower rank of drugs listed in the Shen nong Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 289survey of the contents of the su wen 289ben cao jing, not the upper rank, is said to possess toxic qualities required toachieve curative effects.Ministers may or may not have toxic qualities.Theimage of the ruler reflected in such a classification is fundamentally differ-ent from the understanding of the role of a ruler expressed in the followingdialogue in Su wen 74.[Huang] Di:When prescriptions are composed as rulers and ministers, what does that mean?Qi Bo:[The drug] which rules the disease is called ruler.[The drug] which assists the ruler is called minister.[The drugs] which respond to the minister are called messengers [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl centka.pev.pl
.730Kou Zongshi, Wang Haogu, and their contemporaries of the Song-Jin-Yuan era did not have to start from zero, however.In the so-called seven com-prehensive discourses of Su wen 66 through 74, which Wang Bing added tothe main text in the eighth century, no individual substances are named.Nevertheless, here is where we find much of the theoretical basis for in-cluding the application of pharmacotherapy in the doctrines of systematiccorrespondence.Because of their contents and their rhyme structures, Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 288288 survey of the contents of the su wenTessenow assumes that the seven comprehensive discourses were writtenduring the Han dynasty.However, we do not know who composed those sec-tions of Su wen 70, Su wen 71, and in particular Su wen 74 that introducedwhat could be called a general pharmacology of systematic correspondenceor what role these thoughts may have played in actual health care before theSong dynasty.All we can say is that they failed to influence any text of thereceived literature before the twelfth century, when, obviously for the firsttime, a pharmacology of systematic correspondence of individual substanceswas conceptualized.Why did it take so long to complete a task that should have been under-taken if not finished the very moment when the doctrines of systematic cor-respondence and vessel theory came to preoccupy many intellectuals andnaturalists during the second and first centuries b.c.? The conceptual stagewas set in some of the seven comprehensive discourses and to a much lesserextent in the main text of the Su wen.The developments in the twelfththrough fifteenth centuries demonstrate that it was not too difficult to in-terpret the effects of the drugs in the organism on the basis of vessel theoryand the doctrines of systematic correspondence.And yet it was only duringthe era of the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties that the two traditions came to-gether, rather than in the early years of the Han dynasty when the introduc-tion of natural laws to explain natural and social processes must have beenreceived with extraordinary enthusiasm and political backing.There are good arguments to explain the generation of a pharmacol-ogy of systematic correspondence beginning with the twelfth century as aplausible corollary of the elaboration of what is generally called Song Neo-Confucianism.731 Similarly, it is not too far-fetched to demonstrate that fromthe Han era to the Song-Jin-Yuan period, the pharmaceutical tradition ex-hibited conceptual links to Daoist thought while the Su wen tradition, notentirely free of Daoist inclinations itself, better fitted into a framework ofLegalist-Confucian interests.For example, both the Su wen and the Shen nong ben cao jing distinguishamong different ranks of drugs in a prescription, and it may not be coin-cidental that the term for the ranks of drugs, pin~, is identical to the termfor the ranks of officials in the bureaucracy.Both the Su wen and the Shennong ben cao jing name these ranks rulers (jung), ministers (chenD ), assistants (zuo1), and aides (shiS).However, the functions assigned tothese ranks are diametrically opposed in the two works.The Shen nong bencao jing divided all drugs into three ranks.The rulers constituted the upperrank, the assistants and aides constituted the lower rank, and the ministerswere given a status in between.The task of the upper rank, that is, the ruler,is defined as generating conditions supportive of longevity.In contrast, thetask of the lower rank, that is, the assistants and aides, is defined as combatingactual disease.Hence only the lower rank of drugs listed in the Shen nong Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 289survey of the contents of the su wen 289ben cao jing, not the upper rank, is said to possess toxic qualities required toachieve curative effects.Ministers may or may not have toxic qualities.Theimage of the ruler reflected in such a classification is fundamentally differ-ent from the understanding of the role of a ruler expressed in the followingdialogue in Su wen 74.[Huang] Di:When prescriptions are composed as rulers and ministers, what does that mean?Qi Bo:[The drug] which rules the disease is called ruler.[The drug] which assists the ruler is called minister.[The drugs] which respond to the minister are called messengers [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]