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.Do you like clams? A bit (literally: enough)28.3.3Other expressions of disliketrovare antipatico `to find unpleasant'(non) andare `to be not all right'The expression non andare `to be not all right or acceptable' is more commonlyused with an object or activity, but can also be used with a person:Non gli va bene Marco al posto di Giorgio.He's not happy about Marco, in pla ce of Giorgio.28.3.4Conveying strong dislikeHere are some stronger ways of conveying dislike, of a person or thing:non sopportare `to not be able to stand' FUNCTIONS 331non tollerare `to not be able to stand'non potere vedere `to not be able to bear'odiare `to hate'detestare `to hate'fare schifo a qualcuno `to make somebody sick'fare effetto a qualcuno `to make somebody sick' (mainly used with athing)Non sopporto il mio collega, lo trovo proprio antipatico.I can't bear my c olleague, I find him really unpleasant.Il direttore non può vedere Berlusconi.The manager can't stand Berlusconi.Mio padre detesta i fannulloni.My father detests layabouts.Non mi piacciono le vongole.Mi fanno effetto.I don't like cla ms.They make me want to throw up.Vedere le mosche sulla carne mi ha fatto schifo.Seeing the flies on the meat made me feel sick.Odio gli spinaci.I hate spinach.28.4Expressing a preferenceUnsurprisingly to express a preference, you can use piacere again, with thewords di più `more' or di meno `less':Noi andiamo al mare quest estate, ma ci piacerebbe di più andare inmontagna.We're going to the sea this summer, but we would prefer to go to themountains.Secondo un sondaggio recente sui personaggi famosi, sono i politici chepiacciono di meno alla gente.According to a recent survey on famous people, it's the politicans whoare less popular.You can also use a `dedicated' verb, preferire `to prefer': 332 MODERN ITALIAN GRAMMAROggi si preferisce mangiare meno carne, più verdura e frutta fresca.Today people prefer eating less meat, and more vegetables and freshfruit.I professori preferiscono gli studenti che si impegnano di più.Lecturers prefer students who are more committed. 29Expressing certainty and knowledge29.1IntroductionIn this section of the book we describe various states of mind and emotions.Other personal feelings which are to some extent subjective include feelings ofknowledge and certainty.How to express various degrees of certainty, includingknowing, remembering and forgetting, is described in this chapter, while inChapter 32, we describe more objective, less personal ways of expressing certaintyor uncertainty.29.2Sapere`Knowing' can be conveyed by the verb sapere.Sapere can be used with a nounor a verb (infinitive or introduced by che or se):With a noun or noun equivalent (a fact):Lei sa quanto è il cambio con la sterlina?Do you know how much the exchange with sterling is?Bisogna sapere queste date a memoria.These dates must be known by heart.Cosa ne sai tu di queste cose?What do you know about these things?Non so niente di questo.I don't know anything about thi s.With a verb infinitive:Per chi sa scrivere a macchina, è facile usare il computer. 334 MODERN ITALIAN GRAMMARFor those who know how to type, it's easy to use the com puter.With a verb introduced by se:Sai se arrivano oggi i nostri amici?Do you know if our friends are arriving today?With a verb introduced by che:Sapevamo che lui veniva, ma non l ora precisa del suo arrivo.We knew he was coming, but not the precise time of his arrival.Normally, with se or che, sapere is followed by a verb in the indicative:Il direttore sa che c'è ancora molto da fare.The manager knows there's still a lot to do.Noi sappiamo che tu sei onesto.We know that you are honest.When sapere is negative, it is often followed by the subjunctive to stressuncertainty (see also 32.3).However this is not essential in informalconversation or writing:Non sapevo che tu cantassi così bene.I didn't know you could sing so well.Non so se si possa rimborsare il biglietto.I don't know if the ticke t can be refunded.Il mio collega non sa che sta per essere licenziato.My colleague doesrit know he's about to be sacked.Non so se questa sia una mossa intelligente.I don't know if this is an intel ligent move.At the end of the sentence, we can add the phrase o no:Non so se questa sia una mossa intelligente, o no.I don't know if this is an intel ligent move, or not. FUNCTIONS 33529.3Essere certo, sicuro, convintoCertainty or uncertainty can be expressed using the verb essere and one of thefollowing adjectives:certo `certain'sicuro `sure'convinto `convinced'(The last adjectiveÐ convintoÐis the past participle of the verb convincere.)The message that follows can either be introduced by che, or by di+infinitive.The construction di+infinitive can be used only if the subject of the two partsof the sentence is the same:Siete sicuri di trovare la strada?Are you sure you'll find the road?Siete sicuri che questa sia/è la strada giusta?Are you sure this is the right road?Che can introduce either the indicative or the subjunctive.We use the indicativewhen we are certain of something.If the sentence is negative, or interrogative,the subjunctive can be used to express doubt or uncertainty, although it is oftenreplaced by the indicative in conversation or informal writing:Essere certo:Sono certo che hanno già ricevuto la merce.I am certain they have already received the goods.Non sono certo che abbiano ricevuto il nostro fax.I'm not certai n if they have received our fax.Essere sicuro:Sono sicura che questa è la casa di Cristina.I'm certain t hat this is Cristina's house.Non sono sicura che questa sia la casa di Cristina [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.Do you like clams? A bit (literally: enough)28.3.3Other expressions of disliketrovare antipatico `to find unpleasant'(non) andare `to be not all right'The expression non andare `to be not all right or acceptable' is more commonlyused with an object or activity, but can also be used with a person:Non gli va bene Marco al posto di Giorgio.He's not happy about Marco, in pla ce of Giorgio.28.3.4Conveying strong dislikeHere are some stronger ways of conveying dislike, of a person or thing:non sopportare `to not be able to stand' FUNCTIONS 331non tollerare `to not be able to stand'non potere vedere `to not be able to bear'odiare `to hate'detestare `to hate'fare schifo a qualcuno `to make somebody sick'fare effetto a qualcuno `to make somebody sick' (mainly used with athing)Non sopporto il mio collega, lo trovo proprio antipatico.I can't bear my c olleague, I find him really unpleasant.Il direttore non può vedere Berlusconi.The manager can't stand Berlusconi.Mio padre detesta i fannulloni.My father detests layabouts.Non mi piacciono le vongole.Mi fanno effetto.I don't like cla ms.They make me want to throw up.Vedere le mosche sulla carne mi ha fatto schifo.Seeing the flies on the meat made me feel sick.Odio gli spinaci.I hate spinach.28.4Expressing a preferenceUnsurprisingly to express a preference, you can use piacere again, with thewords di più `more' or di meno `less':Noi andiamo al mare quest estate, ma ci piacerebbe di più andare inmontagna.We're going to the sea this summer, but we would prefer to go to themountains.Secondo un sondaggio recente sui personaggi famosi, sono i politici chepiacciono di meno alla gente.According to a recent survey on famous people, it's the politicans whoare less popular.You can also use a `dedicated' verb, preferire `to prefer': 332 MODERN ITALIAN GRAMMAROggi si preferisce mangiare meno carne, più verdura e frutta fresca.Today people prefer eating less meat, and more vegetables and freshfruit.I professori preferiscono gli studenti che si impegnano di più.Lecturers prefer students who are more committed. 29Expressing certainty and knowledge29.1IntroductionIn this section of the book we describe various states of mind and emotions.Other personal feelings which are to some extent subjective include feelings ofknowledge and certainty.How to express various degrees of certainty, includingknowing, remembering and forgetting, is described in this chapter, while inChapter 32, we describe more objective, less personal ways of expressing certaintyor uncertainty.29.2Sapere`Knowing' can be conveyed by the verb sapere.Sapere can be used with a nounor a verb (infinitive or introduced by che or se):With a noun or noun equivalent (a fact):Lei sa quanto è il cambio con la sterlina?Do you know how much the exchange with sterling is?Bisogna sapere queste date a memoria.These dates must be known by heart.Cosa ne sai tu di queste cose?What do you know about these things?Non so niente di questo.I don't know anything about thi s.With a verb infinitive:Per chi sa scrivere a macchina, è facile usare il computer. 334 MODERN ITALIAN GRAMMARFor those who know how to type, it's easy to use the com puter.With a verb introduced by se:Sai se arrivano oggi i nostri amici?Do you know if our friends are arriving today?With a verb introduced by che:Sapevamo che lui veniva, ma non l ora precisa del suo arrivo.We knew he was coming, but not the precise time of his arrival.Normally, with se or che, sapere is followed by a verb in the indicative:Il direttore sa che c'è ancora molto da fare.The manager knows there's still a lot to do.Noi sappiamo che tu sei onesto.We know that you are honest.When sapere is negative, it is often followed by the subjunctive to stressuncertainty (see also 32.3).However this is not essential in informalconversation or writing:Non sapevo che tu cantassi così bene.I didn't know you could sing so well.Non so se si possa rimborsare il biglietto.I don't know if the ticke t can be refunded.Il mio collega non sa che sta per essere licenziato.My colleague doesrit know he's about to be sacked.Non so se questa sia una mossa intelligente.I don't know if this is an intel ligent move.At the end of the sentence, we can add the phrase o no:Non so se questa sia una mossa intelligente, o no.I don't know if this is an intel ligent move, or not. FUNCTIONS 33529.3Essere certo, sicuro, convintoCertainty or uncertainty can be expressed using the verb essere and one of thefollowing adjectives:certo `certain'sicuro `sure'convinto `convinced'(The last adjectiveÐ convintoÐis the past participle of the verb convincere.)The message that follows can either be introduced by che, or by di+infinitive.The construction di+infinitive can be used only if the subject of the two partsof the sentence is the same:Siete sicuri di trovare la strada?Are you sure you'll find the road?Siete sicuri che questa sia/è la strada giusta?Are you sure this is the right road?Che can introduce either the indicative or the subjunctive.We use the indicativewhen we are certain of something.If the sentence is negative, or interrogative,the subjunctive can be used to express doubt or uncertainty, although it is oftenreplaced by the indicative in conversation or informal writing:Essere certo:Sono certo che hanno già ricevuto la merce.I am certain they have already received the goods.Non sono certo che abbiano ricevuto il nostro fax.I'm not certai n if they have received our fax.Essere sicuro:Sono sicura che questa è la casa di Cristina.I'm certain t hat this is Cristina's house.Non sono sicura che questa sia la casa di Cristina [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]